Gut T cell receptor-γδ+intraepithelial lymphocytes are activated selectively by cholera toxin to break oral tolerance in mice

B lymphocytes promote expansion of regulatory T cells in oral tolerance: powerful induction by antigen coupled to cholera toxin B subunit.

Mucosal administration of Ag conjugated to cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) can efficiently induce peripheral immunologic tolerance, so-called oral tolerance, associated with development of Foxp3(+)CD25(+)CD4(+) regulatory T (Treg) cells. Using an established sublingual tolerization regimen with Ag(OVA)/CTB conjugate, wherein CTB mediates Ag uptake and presentation by most B lymphocytes irrespecti...

Cholera toxin inhibits T cell receptor signaling by covalent modification of the CD3-zeta subunit.

In the Jurkat T cell line, triggering of the TCR leads to activation of phospholipase C, resulting in an increase in inositol trisphosphate (IP3) release followed by a rise in intracellular Ca2+. This signaling pathway is interrupted by cholera toxin (CTX) treatment. To possibly explain this inhibition, we demonstrate that CTX can affect the TCR/CD3 complex itself by causing a covalent modifica...

Activated CD4+CD25+ T cells selectively kill B lymphocytes.

The suppressive capacity of naturally occurring mouse CD4+CD25+ T cells on T-cell activation has been well documented. The present study is focused on the interaction of CD4+CD25+ T cells and B cells. By coculturing preactivated CD4+CD25+ T cells with B cells in the presence of polyclonal B-cell activators, we found that B-cell proliferation was significantly suppressed. The suppression of B-ce...

Tolerance Lymphocytes Are Refractory to Oral Kinetic Analysis of Oral Tolerance: Memory

How T-lymphocytes are activated and become activators by cell-cell interaction.

Immunological descriptions support the role of direct contact between T-lymphocytes and monocytes at the site of inflammatory lesions. The following will therefore focus on the role of direct contact between stimulated T-lymphocytes and monocytes in the production of cytokines and cytokine inhibitors, as well as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP) ...